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蘋果專利聚焦在手勢觸控技術

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科技產業資訊室 (iKnow) - Philip C.F. Wen 發表於 2011年11月15日
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根據 PatentlyApple 網站報導,蘋果公司 在 2011 年 11 月 10 日提出多項手勢 觸控 操作專利申請案, 顯示蘋果公司在手勢觸控上的重視,這篇文章將會鎖定在手勢 (Finger Gestures) 觸控與新一代智慧型手機的關聯性以及重要性。

為什麼要手勢 ?

其實早期智慧型手機推出時,就已經有觸控功能了。從 Palm 來看,當時受制於電阻式觸控螢幕,大多觸控經驗都建立在觸控筆上,因為筆尖能夠精準的點壓在面板位置,進而讓裝置能夠偵測到使用者想執行的按鈕。但是,自從電容式觸控螢幕問世後,由於電容式觸控面板並不像電阻式是用壓力感測,而是用電容偵測到靜電場的變化回報給裝置,進而計算出按紐位置。差別在電容式觸控螢幕的按鈕位置範圍很大,很難達到像筆尖一樣的精準定位,另一方面,電容式觸控螢幕支援了多點式觸控,在同一時間按壓多個點裝置都能同時偵測到,這種設計最適合應用在人類的手指上。

充分運用手指去操作,當一隻手拿著手機時,另一隻手可以五隻手指頭進行觸控螢幕操作,光是利用這一點,就可以延伸出許多千變萬化的應用。另外,受限於手機尺寸,狹小的螢幕可供利用的空間不多,操作時困難與複雜度是個課題,所以手勢 (Finger Gestures) 成為手機的 輸出輸入 (Input/outpu t) 的不二選項。

手勢的應用

蘋果智慧型手機剛推出時,突破點就在於多點觸控的電容式觸控螢幕,使用者可以利用兩隻手指頭的移動方向以及距離,來做放大縮小,這項設計應用在文件編輯、圖片瀏覽、網頁瀏覽、文字瀏覽以及手機上操作,提供莫大的便利性。

然而,隨著多點的觸控偵測技術被開發,更多的手勢觸控也就油然而生,例如,三隻手指頭往上與兩隻手指頭往上的意義,皆不相同,從一般筆電來看,兩隻手指往上往下代表著上下捲動 (scrolling ) 的意思 ,如果是 三指即可拖移視窗, 定義為返回上一頁,或是定義回到桌面等。

蘋果公司的新構想

回到本文重點,以上皆在敘述手勢操作之距離、方向與點數的關係,然而蘋果 (Apple Inc) 在 2010 年 5 月 7 日提出申請, 在 2011 年 11 月 10 日公開的多項手勢操作專利申請案US20110273479 (SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPLAYING VISUAL INFORMATION ON A DEVICE) ,闡述一項手勢操作的重要概念,加入 ” 時間 ” 概念之加速器 Accelerometer 機制,主要揭露兩種新的手勢, 手指的「按住」 + 「滑動」觸控螢幕的動作,也就是 "Hold and Swipe" ,這兩個動作搭配使用產生不同的定義。

先按住畫面再滑動 "Hold then Swipe" 與 先滑動再按住畫面 "Swipe then Hold." ,在行動裝置上運用手指進行圖像之縮放與平移。按一下螢幕再滑動可以被解讀為普通的滑動,但按住觸控螢幕移動即納入了其它元素,手機裝置收到指令後,對於使用者下一個指令將會有不同的動作。目前,已擁有蘋果手勢專利 105 項。

總結

從蘋果的動作來看,蘋果也許不只是想要在觸控裝置上做應用,從蘋果公司由 Benjamin Rottler 和 Michael Ingrassia 在新申請的專利 US20110261213 中,有意要將手勢介面透過鏡頭讀取人的肢體語言後,進而 3D 化。這項應用也許會套用在 iPhone 的前置鏡頭或是蘋果未來發表的電視,讓遙控器變成歷史。

正如 Steve Jobs 對於操作 自然符合人性 的重視,簡化流程要求 3 個步驟以內完成動作。而這個原則一樣也套用在多點觸控的應用發揮到極致。

綜合來看,利用手勢作為輸出輸入 I/O 介面在行動裝置的操作已成為必備功能。蘋果及其他廠商也不遺餘力的繼續在手勢操作上下功夫。

各家手持裝置廠商,努力發展屬於自家的手勢介面,是否也將造成使用者的使用困擾,當面臨更換不同作業平台之手機時,造成轉換成本過高,須重新學習新的手勢輸入,這也是要面對的新課題。 (992 字;圖 1 ;表 1)

 

圖一、蘋果申請 US20110273479 手勢專利 "Hold then Swipe" 示意圖
pclass_11_A263.gif
圖二、蘋果申請 US20110273479 手勢專利 "Swipe then Hold " 示意圖
pclass_11_A263b.gif

表一、蘋果手勢專利 105 項列表 (1990~2011/11)

Publication Title
US20110273479A1  SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPLAYING VISUAL INFORMATION ON A DEVICE
US20110261213A1 REAL TIME VIDEO PROCESS CONTROL USING GESTURES
US20110227857A1  Video Chapter Access and License Renewal
US20110197153A1  Touch Inputs Interacting With User Interface Items
US20110197147A1  PROJECTED DISPLAY SHARED WORKSPACES
US20110193788A1  GRAPHICAL OBJECTS THAT RESPOND TO TOUCH OR MOTION INPUT
US20110185297A1  IMAGE MASK INTERFACE
US20110181520A1  VIDEO OUT INTERFACE FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE
US20110179388A1  Techniques And Systems For Enhancing Touch Screen Device Accessibility Through Virtual Containers And Virtually Enlarged Boundaries
US20110175821A1  Virtual Drafting Tools
US20110173539A1  ADAPTIVE AUDIO FEEDBACK SYSTEM AND METHOD
US20110167350A1  Assist Features For Content Display Device
US20110163944A1  INTUITIVE, GESTURE-BASED COMMUNICATIONS WITH PHYSICS METAPHORS
US20090228842A1  SELECTING OF TEXT USING GESTURES
US20090225039A1  TOUCH EVENT MODEL PROGRAMMING INTERFACE
US20090225038A1  TOUCH EVENT PROCESSING FOR WEB PAGES
US20090225037A1  TOUCH EVENT MODEL FOR WEB PAGES
US20090213083A1  SIMULATION OF MULTI-POINT GESTURES WITH A SINGLE POINTING DEVICE
US20090178010A1  Specifying Language and Other Preferences for Mobile Device Applications
US20090177966A1  Content Sheet for Media Player
US20090174688A1  IMAGE JAGGEDNESS FILTER FOR DETERMINING WHETHER TO PERFORM BASELINE CALCULATIONS
US20090174676A1  MOTION COMPONENT DOMINANCE FACTORS FOR MOTION LOCKING OF TOUCH SENSOR DATA
US20090077464A1  INPUT METHODS FOR DEVICE HAVING MULTI-LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
US20090064055A1  Application Menu User Interface
US20090058822A1  Video Chapter Access and License Renewal
US20090058821A1  EDITING INTERFACE
US20090044092A1  Preventing the inclusion of a reference to a host cell in a formula
US20080316183A1  SWIPE GESTURES FOR TOUCH SCREEN KEYBOARDS
US20080309634A1  Multi-touch skins spanning three dimensions
US20080309632A1  Pinch-throw and translation gestures
US20080309626A1  Speed/positional mode translations
US20080307359A1  Grouping Graphical Representations of Objects in a User Interface
US20080231610A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080211785A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080211784A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080211783A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080211775A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080204426A1  GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES
US20080174570A1  Touch Screen Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Commands by Applying Heuristics
US20080168364A1  ADAPTIVE ACCELERATION OF MOUSE CURSOR
US20080165807A1  Wide Area Peer-to-Peer Synching in a Decentralized Environment
US20080165141A1  Gestures for controlling, manipulating, and editing of media files using touch sensitive devices
US20080165140A1  Detecting gestures on multi-event sensitive devices
US20080163130A1  GESTURE LEARNING
US20080036743A1  Gesturing with a multipoint sensing device
US20070152977A1  Illuminated touchpad
US20060053387A1  Operation of a computer with touch screen interface
US20060026536A1  Gestures for touch sensitive input devices
US20060026521A1  Gestures for touch sensitive input devices
US20020054113A1  Computer system with graphical user interface including spring-loaded enclosures
US8054300  Capacitive sensor panel having dynamically reconfigurable sensor size and shape
US8046721  Unlocking a device by performing gestures on an unlock image
US7996792  Voicemail manager for portable multifunction device
US7978182  Screen rotation gestures on a portable multifunction device
US7978176  Portrait-landscape rotation heuristics for a portable multifunction device
US7966578  Portable multifunction device, method, and graphical user interface for translating displayed content
US7956849  Video manager for portable multifunction device
US7956848  Video chapter access and license renewal
US7956847  Gestures for controlling, manipulating, and editing of media files using touch sensitive devices
US7941760  Soft keyboard display for a portable multifunction device
US7940250  Web-clip widgets on a portable multifunction device
US7934156  Deletion gestures on a portable multifunction device
US7920131  Keystroke tactility arrangement on a smooth touch surface
US7904828  Computer system with graphical user interface including drawer-like windows
US7890778  Power-off methods for portable electronic devices
US7889185  Method, system, and graphical user interface for activating hyperlinks
US7877707  Detecting and interpreting real-world and security gestures on touch and hover sensitive devices
US7864163  Portable electronic device, method, and graphical user interface for displaying structured electronic documents
US7614008  Operation of a computer with touch screen interface
US7539945  Computer system with graphical user interface including drawer-like windows
US7480870  Indication of progress towards satisfaction of a user input condition
US7479949  Touch screen device, method, and graphical user interface for determining commands by applying heuristics
US7339580  Method and apparatus for integrating manual input
US6928621  System with graphical user interface including automatic enclosures
US6642944  Computer system with graphical user interface including drawer-like windows
US6307545  Computer system with graphical user interface including spring-loaded enclosures
US6154758  Text conversion method for computer systems
US6133918  Computer system with graphical user interface including drawer-like windows
US6115724  Method and apparatus for displaying a double-sided graphic image
US6061061  Computer system with graphical user interface including spring-loaded enclosures
US5956030  Computer system with graphical user interface including windows having an identifier within a control region on the display
US5838889  Method and apparatus for flipping a double-sided graphic image having different sized first and second sides
US5710831  Method for correcting handwriting on a pen-based computer
US5682439  Boxed input correction system and method for pen based computer systems
US5680562  Computer system with graphical user interface including automated enclosures
US5677710  Recognition keypad
US5627960  Unified hierarchical and tear off menus in a graphical event-driven computer system
US5612719  Gesture sensitive buttons for graphical user interfaces
US5596697  Method for routing items within a computer system
US5594810  Method and apparatus for recognizing gestures on a computer system
US5594640  Method and apparatus for correcting words
US5590256  Method for manipulating notes on a computer display
US5590219  Method and apparatus for recognizing gestures on a computer system
US5583984  Computer system with graphical user interface including automated enclosures
US5583946  Method and apparatus for recognizing gestures on a computer system
US5583542  Method for deleting objects on a computer display
US5581681  Pointing gesture based computer note pad paging and scrolling interface
US5563996  Computer note pad including gesture based note division tools and method
US5555363  Resetting the case of text on a computer display
US5523775  Method for selecting objects on a computer display
US5500937  Method and apparatus for editing an inked object while simultaneously displaying its recognized object
US5497422  Message protection mechanism and graphical user interface therefor
US5465325  Method and apparatus for manipulating inked objects
US5404442  Visible clipboard for graphical computer environments
US5398310  Pointing gesture based computer note pad paging and scrolling interface
US5367453  Method and apparatus for correcting words

Source: 科技政策研究與資訊中心 — 科技產業資訊室整理, 2011/11


 
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