M2M指的是機器與機器(Machine to Machine)間的資料交換,而M2M產業乃泛指進行M2M設備、軟體、網路與服務所形成的市場與產業。據估計[1],到2010年M2M產業年產值將高達3,000億美金。此外,隨著M2M技術進步,M2M將帶動M2H(Machine to Human)與M2E(Machine to Enterprise)持續發展,未來每一產業將都有M2M影子。
我們先來看看M2M系統架構。根據Wikipedia定義,M2M系統包括四部分,如:
- A device or group of devices capable of replying to requests for data contained within those devices or capable of transmitting data contained within those devices autonomously.(通訊設備可針對客戶需求,獨立進行資料傳輸)
- A communications link to connect the device or group of devices to a computer server or another device.(設備可透過網路與伺服主機聯繫)
- A software agent, process, or interface by which the data can be analyzed, reported, and/or acted upon.(透過軟體進行資料分析、反應與處理)
- Software Intelligence.(智慧型專家系統)
換言之,M2M系統包括硬體與軟體,各硬體設備間透過網路進行資料溝通。此外,M2M系統包含一伺服主機與智慧型專家系統,設備與設備間之傳遞資料可透過伺服主機專家系統進行處理。
舉例來說,由於國際原油價格居高不下,台灣高電價時代已經悄悄到來。依現有建築物能源使用統計,包括空調冷氣與燈光照明等機電系統(MEP)能源使用已經超過總使用量70%以上,如何透過能源管理(Energy Management)機制,在需用電時才用,或是根據實際需求量調控機電系統運作狀態,成為建築物管理產業(即物業管理產業)重要議題。
在上述能源管理中,如果我們在建築物中建置M2M系統,包括設置各類型感測器(Sensor),例如監視各運轉設備狀態感測器、監視室內環境狀態感測器、監視室外環境狀態感測器等。同時,也設置中央監視與控制系統(Facility Monitor Control System, FMCS)與中央電腦硬體與相關軟體,並將感測器與中央監控電腦連結。則此建築物能源管理M2M系統,即可依內外環境(溫度、濕度與人員是否在室內),將建築設備(例如冷氣機)運轉狀態進行最佳調控,以達成能源管理或能源使用最佳化目的。
從上面基本介紹與範例說明可以看出,M2M系統就是透過機器(或元件)間之溝通與運作,進行事務處理之工作代理人系統,也是某類型機器人系統。表一為M2M系統部分範例,可以看出M2M廣泛應用於不同產業,包括製造與服務等,而M2M、M2H及H2H未來發展趨勢發展可見圖一所示。
最後,以現有M2M產業發展趨勢論,初期將會以3K產業中(骯髒、危險、辛苦)替代以勞力為主的工作;中期而言,M2M產業將朝向協助提升人類便利性,例如照顧與手機購物;長期而言,M2M產業將與機器人產業結合,朝向提升人類提升生活品質為目標。(1251字;圖1;表1)
圖一、M2M系統運作架構
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表一、M2M系統範例
應用 |
說明
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Manufacturing
製造業
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A manufacturer of machinery for preparing shipping packages may use M2M to remotely monitor its equipment to detect failures, to schedule optimal preventive maintenance, and to track consumption of packaging chemicals as an alternative to manual inspection by its field service technicians or the customer's equipment operators.
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Transportation
交通運輸
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A system integrator may use M2M as part of a system to retrofit roadside signs with a means to remotely add federally mandated emergency alerts and Amber Alerts to multiple signs at the same time as an alternative to manually programming signs on-site.
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Healthcare
遠距醫療照護
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A system integrator may use M2M to collect data from remote diagnostic equipment in a patient's home (i.e., blood pressure, weight, glucose level) or using a mobile device as an alternative to the patient visiting a medical facility or a medical paraprofessional visiting the patient in his home.
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Building/Home Automation
建築自動化
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A "Smart Home" is a building in which computerized HVAC, access control and other system has been installed. M2M allows such a home to work as one concerted "machine", rather than a collection of disparate components.
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Oil & gas
煉油與石化
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A manufacturer of instrumentation for producing well sites may use M2M to enable its customers to remotely collect data on flow rates, pressures, temperatures, tank levels and equipment status as an alternative to manual, on-site data collection.
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Source: Wikipedia, 科技政策研究與資訊中心-科技產業資訊室,2008/04。
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參考資料:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_Machine
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