新聞：（2008年2月22日鉅亨網- WIPO：國際專利申請數量2007年創紀錄美日德最多）據世界知識產權組織 (WIPO) 21日公佈的資料顯示，2007年全球國際專利的申請量達到創紀錄的 15.61萬件，比上一年增長4.7%。美、日、德仍是世界申請國際專利最多的國家；申請件數，日本松下、荷蘭飛利浦和德國西門子排名世界前 3位，中國華為躍居第 4位[1]。
| 表一、2007年WIPO PCT申請量排名– 國家別排名 |
|
|
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 estimate |
2007 percent |
2007 growth |
|
United States of America |
41'030 |
43'350 |
46'803 |
50'941 |
52'280 |
33.50% |
2.60% |
|
Japan |
17'414 |
20'264 |
24'869 |
27'033 |
27'731 |
17.80% |
2.60% |
|
Germany |
14'662 |
15'214 |
15'984 |
16'732 |
18'134 |
11.60% |
8.40% |
|
Republic of Korea |
2'949 |
3'558 |
4'688 |
5'944 |
7'061 |
4.50% |
18.80% |
|
France |
5'171 |
5'184 |
5'748 |
6'242 |
6'370 |
4.10% |
2.10% |
|
United Kingdom |
5'206 |
5'027 |
5'084 |
5'090 |
5'553 |
3.60% |
9.10% |
|
China |
1'295 |
1'706 |
2'503 |
3'951 |
5'456 |
3.50% |
38.10% |
|
Netherlands |
4'479 |
4'284 |
4'500 |
4'529 |
4'186 |
2.70% |
-7.60% |
|
Switzerland |
2'861 |
2'898 |
3'290 |
3'577 |
3'674 |
2.40% |
2.70% |
|
Sweden |
2'612 |
2'851 |
2'883 |
3'316 |
3'533 |
2.30% |
6.50% |
|
Italy |
2'163 |
2'189 |
2'349 |
2'716 |
2'927 |
1.90% |
7.80% |
|
Canada |
2'271 |
2'104 |
2'318 |
2'566 |
2'707 |
1.70% |
5.50% |
|
Australia |
1'680 |
1'837 |
1'996 |
2'001 |
2'054 |
1.30% |
2.60% |
|
Finland |
1'557 |
1'672 |
1'893 |
1'845 |
1'952 |
1.30% |
5.80% |
|
Israel |
1'129 |
1'227 |
1'454 |
1'589 |
1'683 |
1.10% |
5.90% |
|
All Others |
8'715 |
9'245 |
10'326 |
11'084 |
10'800 |
6.90% |
-2.60% |
|
Total |
115'194 |
122'610 |
136'688 |
149'156 |
156'100 |
|
4.70% |
|
Source: WIPO, 2008/02. |
| 表二、2007年WIPO PCT申請量排名– 技術別排名 |
|
|
Technical Field |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
Increase Compared with 2006 |
|
I |
Electricity - Electronics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical energy |
7,365 |
7,568 |
8,768 |
10,069 |
11,035 |
9.60% |
|
2 |
Audio-visual technology |
6,057 |
6,074 |
6,713 |
7,453 |
7,759 |
4.10% |
|
3 |
Telecommunications |
10,821 |
10,441 |
11,670 |
13,634 |
15,751 |
15.50% |
|
4 |
Information technology |
9,917 |
9,531 |
10,992 |
13,791 |
15,109 |
9.60% |
|
II |
Instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
Semiconductors |
4'051 |
4'109 |
4'719 |
6'111 |
6'587 |
7.80% |
|
6 |
Optics |
2'616 |
2'563 |
3'215 |
5'898 |
5'960 |
1.10% |
|
7 |
Analysis, measurement, control technology |
11'447 |
10'869 |
11'867 |
13'225 |
13'531 |
2.30% |
|
8 |
Medical technology |
8'600 |
8'877 |
9'554 |
11'249 |
11'890 |
5.70% |
|
9 |
Nuclear engineering |
517 |
496 |
499 |
572 |
712 |
24.50% |
|
III |
Chemicals - Materials |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
Organic fine chemistry |
5'225 |
5'652 |
6'112 |
6'512 |
6'082 |
-6.60% |
|
11 |
Macromolecular chemistry, polymers |
3'984 |
4'002 |
4'532 |
5'904 |
5'946 |
0.70% |
|
12 |
Chemical engineering |
3'879 |
3'702 |
4'266 |
5'680 |
5'863 |
3.20% |
|
13 |
Surface technology, coating |
3'293 |
3'326 |
3'642 |
4'361 |
4'247 |
-2.60% |
|
14 |
Materials, metallurgy |
3'037 |
3'031 |
3'252 |
3'836 |
4'045 |
5.40% |
|
IV |
Pharmaceuticals - Biotechnology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
Biotechnology |
8'604 |
7'609 |
7'312 |
7'413 |
7'228 |
-2.50% |
|
16 |
Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics |
9'976 |
9'436 |
11'090 |
13'920 |
13'936 |
0.10% |
|
17 |
Agriculture and food |
1'660 |
1'840 |
1'949 |
2'336 |
2'309 |
-1.20% |
|
V |
Process engineering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
Industrial processes |
5'365 |
4'909 |
4'911 |
5'010 |
5'295 |
5.70% |
|
19 |
Handling, printing |
4'540 |
4'555 |
5'401 |
6'234 |
6'261 |
0.40% |
|
20 |
Agricultural and food processing, machinery and apparatus |
1'274 |
1'334 |
1'521 |
1'504 |
1'478 |
-1.70% |
|
21 |
Materials processing, textiles, paper |
4'780 |
4'285 |
4'763 |
5'484 |
5'312 |
-3.10% |
|
22 |
Environmental technology |
1'314 |
1'249 |
1'380 |
1'585 |
1'780 |
12.30% |
|
VI |
Machinery - Mechanics - Transport |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
Machine tools |
2'485 |
2'323 |
2'773 |
3'009 |
3'132 |
4.10% |
|
24 |
Engines, pumps, turbines |
2'820 |
2'975 |
3'205 |
3'700 |
4'170 |
12.70% |
|
25 |
Thermal processes and apparatus |
1'580 |
1'542 |
1'825 |
2'062 |
2'297 |
11.40% |
|
26 |
Mechanical Components |
3'567 |
3'720 |
4'108 |
4'748 |
5'084 |
7.10% |
|
27 |
Transport |
4'597 |
4'883 |
5'542 |
6'078 |
6'696 |
10.20% |
|
28 |
Space technology and weapons |
494 |
436 |
536 |
513 |
507 |
-1.20% |
|
VII |
Consumer goods - Civil engineering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
Consumer goods and equipment |
5'757 |
6'040 |
7'228 |
8'310 |
8'629 |
3.80% |
|
30 |
Civil engineering, building, mining |
3'461 |
3'847 |
3'908 |
4'399 |
4'688 |
6.60% |
|
Source: WIPO, 2008/02. |
| 表三、2007年WIPO PCT公開量排名– 公司別 |
|
2007 Ranking |
Position Changed |
Applicant's Name |
Country |
PCT application published in 2007 |
Increased over 2006 |
|
1 |
1 |
MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. |
JP |
2100 |
-244 |
|
2 |
-1 |
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. |
NL |
2041 |
-454 |
|
3 |
0 |
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
DE |
1644 |
164 |
|
4 |
9 |
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. |
CN |
1365 |
790 |
|
5 |
0 |
ROBERT BOSCH GMBH |
DE |
1146 |
184 |
|
6 |
2 |
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
JP |
997 |
293 |
|
7 |
5 |
QUALCOMM INCORPORATED |
US |
974 |
366 |
|
8 |
38 |
MICROSOFT CORPORATION |
US |
845 |
603 |
|
9 |
1 |
MOTOROLA, INC. |
US |
824 |
187 |
|
10 |
-6 |
NOKIA CORPORATION |
FI |
822 |
-214 |
|
11 |
-4 |
BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
DE |
810 |
94 |
|
12 |
-6 |
3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY |
US |
769 |
42 |
|
13 |
3 |
LG ELECTRONICS INC. |
KR |
719 |
152 |
|
14 |
1 |
FUJITSU LIMITED |
JP |
708 |
137 |
|
15 |
6 |
SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
JP |
702 |
206 |
|
16 |
12 |
NEC CORPORATION |
JP |
626 |
253 |
|
17 |
-8 |
INTEL CORPORATION |
US |
623 |
-67 |
|
18 |
4 |
PIONEER CORPORATION |
JP |
611 |
117 |
|
19 |
10 |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION |
US |
606 |
241 |
|
20 |
0 |
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. |
KR |
598 |
93 |
|
21 |
-7 |
TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL) |
SE |
597 |
25 |
|
22 |
1 |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY |
US |
575 |
83 |
|
23 |
-4 |
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. |
US |
520 |
12 |
|
24 |
-7 |
E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY |
US |
504 |
-19 |
|
25 |
12 |
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY |
US |
438 |
159 |
|
26 |
7 |
THOMSON LICENSING |
FR |
416 |
113 |
|
27 |
-9 |
HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. |
US |
405 |
-104 |
|
28 |
8 |
BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERATE GMBH |
DE |
398 |
116 |
|
29 |
- |
FUJIFILM CORPORATION |
JP |
372 |
372 |
|
30 |
-4 |
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA |
US |
364 |
-52 |
|
31 |
52 |
SONY ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AB |
SE |
360 |
211 |
|
32 |
10 |
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. |
US |
355 |
101 |
|
33 |
-3 |
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC. |
US |
342 |
15 |
|
34 |
16 |
NOVARTIS AG |
CH |
342 |
115 |
|
35 |
-3 |
FRANCE TELECOM |
FR |
341 |
38 |
|
36 |
3 |
LG CHEM, LTD. |
KR |
332 |
70 |
|
37 |
-10 |
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY |
US |
330 |
-64 |
|
38 |
9 |
ASTRAZENECA AB |
SE |
299 |
59 |
|
39 |
-4 |
KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE, INC. |
US |
299 |
16 |
|
40 |
1 |
MEDTRONIC, INC. |
US |
297 |
37 |
|
41 |
16 |
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE |
KR |
288 |
87 |
|
42 |
3 |
CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC. |
US |
283 |
40 |
|
43 |
6 |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
JP |
279 |
46 |
|
44 |
-33 |
MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
JP |
279 |
-337 |
|
45 |
7 |
TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED |
JP |
272 |
52 |
|
46 |
-8 |
CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
JP |
265 |
-1 |
|
47 |
-4 |
MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. |
JP |
257 |
9 |
|
48 |
300 |
LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. |
US |
251 |
208 |
|
49 |
5 |
NIKON CORPORATION |
JP |
244 |
28 |
|
50 |
- |
NXP B.V. |
NL |
241 |
241 |
|
Source: WIPO, 2008/02. |
評析：
根據WIPO公布之新聞稿指出[2]，2007年WIPO PCT專利申請量比2006年成長4.7%，達15萬6千1百件。美國以接近三分之一的5萬2千件遙遙領先其他國家，其餘擠進前五名者包括日本（第二名）的2萬7千件、德國（第三名）的1萬8千件、韓國（第四名）的7千件與法國（第五名）的6千3百件。前十名中，大幅成長者包括韓國成長18.8%與中國（第七名）成長38.1%達5千4百件等。2007年WIPO PCT申請量其餘排名如表一所示。
表二為30個技術領域專利申請數量統計，通訊（Telecommunications）、資訊（Information technology）、醫藥與化妝品（Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics）、分析、量測與控制（Analysis, measurement, control technology）、醫療器材（Medical technology）分居前五名。其五名中，通訊以15.50%成長最快，其次為資訊之9.6%成長率，其餘各技術領域增減狀態可參考表二。
表三為前50名2007年WIPO PCT公開量排名，前十名分別為MATSUSHITA、PHILIPS、SIEMENS、HUAWEI、BOSCH、TOYOTA、QUALCOMM、MICROSOFT、MOTOROLA與NOKIA。中國華為技術（HUAWEI, http://www.huawei.com）以1,365件專利由去年的第九名躍升到今年第四名，比較華為與思科（CISCO，第42名）申請量，華為約為思科五倍。
比較2007年PCT公開量與2007年美國專利核准量（見【2007年美國核准專利排行榜，及台韓兩國核准專利觀察】），可以看出跨國企業全球專利布局策略的差異，包括不同產業別對於PCT的運用狀態。
PCT是國際專利申請與布局重要一環，如何利用PCT時間差進行全球專利布局，需要時間與經驗累積，有興趣讀者可進一步參考華為（HUAWEI）經驗與價值彙整，包括：
1.降低因專利價值變化所帶來的無效投資風險；
2.更早地獲得高品質的檢索報告，幫助確定專利申請價值；
3.提出一個申請即可進入多個國家，減少多國家申請時的期限壓力；
4.有10種語言任意選用，來自海外研究所的專利申請報告可直接提交申請等。完整內容如文末[3]討論。
(1007字；表3)
參考資料
- http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=2&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080222%5CWEB1077
&vi=33755&sdt=20080220&edt=20080222&top=50&date=20080222&time=
12:13:23&cls=index1_totalnews
- http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2008/article_0006.html#foot1
- http://news.sohu.com/20071209/n253886323.shtml
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